Poverty A Single Parent Family - 859 Words

Poverty: The state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; the condition of being poor. Any family living in poverty may have many obstacles and trials to overcome, but can the issue of poverty be even more detrimental for a single parent family. What kinds of problems occur, what can single parent families do for help and finally can children from single parent families be successful. Over the last 20 years there has been a rise in single parent families living in the United States. These families may have become a single parent family for many different reasons, some people perhaps were never married, some may have lost a spouse due to illness and some may have been divorced, there could be many more reasons which we will never know. More than 80% of these families are headed by single women. Female headed single parent families are more likely to be living in or almost in poverty. Female headed households often fare worse than single fathers because men are often paid more in their occupations and also because some mothers are unable to collect child support, single mothers may also be dealing with other issues such as loneliness, less time for themselves, they may be experiencing lack of sleep and everyday stress. Past research has often shown that children who come from single parent families lead less healthy lives. For example children coming from a single parent family may be more likely to not finish school, they are often moreShow MoreRelatedChildren s Development And Effective Parenting Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesdiversity including, poverty, family form, and children with disabilities. Throughout these discussion papers our roles as educators when working with children and their families within each of these areas of diversity are addressed. These papers unpack inclusive practices for working with young children and their families with differing abilities from a range of socio-economic backgrounds. In Aotearoa New Zealand we live in a society where some children and families live in poverty, the most commonRead MoreRecent Trends On The Inheritance Of Poverty And Family Structure By Kelly Musick And Robert D. Mare1629 Words   |  7 PagesNicolette Sperczak Poverty and Family Status  In the article, Recent trends in the inheritance of poverty and family structure by Kelly Musick and Robert D. Mare in 2006, the interdependence of  poverty and family structure is discussed. It is obvious that each factor relies on the other. Poverty affects family structure because money is a major stress factor within marriages. Many couple’s divorce issues are traced back to arguments over financial issues. The dynamics of poverty and family are intimatelyRead MoreChildren Should Not Be Raised On Single Parent Households1286 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States live in a single-parent household as of 2012? ( )Every year this number is on the rise and it is causing children everywhere to suffer. When children are raised in an environment with only one parent they can have less opportunities and less supervision than a child with two parents. Children should not be raised in single-parent households because it can lead to abuse from parents, violence in children and pov erty. First and foremost, abuse from a parent is an issue that can oftenRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency1286 Words   |  6 PagesLiving in poverty when I was a child, made me realize now that I am older how my life could have been completely different. I had family and friends who lived in a single parent household and others who lived with both of their parents; it made a tremendous impact on how they would behave, their morals, and values. Many of the other children who used to live in the same neighborhood as I did not appreciate the same values I would. Some of us continue going to school which was a small percentage whileRead MoreThe Common Core Places On Standardized Testing1634 Words   |  7 Pageshappens to be even more alarming when you realize that countless children in poverty worry about more than what they happen to be learning in school. Another way teachers try increase scores on standardized tests is by showing a â€Å"tolerance of drop outs and th e promotion of push outs to get rid of the least academically talented students† (Berliner 254), as we have already discussed high school drop-outs have a higher poverty rate. With unqualified teachers becoming more prevalent and the latest implementationRead MoreThe Problems Faced By Single Parents1424 Words   |  6 Pageshappening due to poverty. This is one of the major issues that the entire world has to deal with. Poverty itself is a very broad term which can be described in various ways; however, most of the times it’s a scenario that individuals try to avoid and escape from. Poverty has a very bad impact on the country and its residents. It can easily destroys the economy of one country, especially the developing once. Poverty plays an important role in effecting the life of single parents. The most commonRead MoreMarriage Is Particularly Among Poor, Poor And Poor Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesonly way to raise a family and have children. However, marriage is becoming extremely uncommon among the poor, especially poor women. Instead of getting married first and then having children, poor women tend to do the opposite; having children bef ore marriage and then hoping to get married after the child is born. This line of thinking often doesn’t work and poor mothers and their children are stuck by themselves, using only one income to survive and still living in poverty. However, having marriageRead MoreSocial And Economical Concepts Of Sole Parent Families Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian society face solidarity and Division: Sole Parent Families are living on the edge of poverty, with predictions of a 65% increase of sole parent families by 2036, Why are so many Australian sole parent families living so close to or below the calculated poverty line? This essay will firstly provide current and reliable statistics with a brief overview of the identified key social and economical concepts of sole parent families based on ‘Poverty and Exclusion in Modern Australia and (SociologyRead MoreHow Changes Of Marriage And Family Will Change American Society949 Words   |  4 Pages How Changes to Marriage and Family will change American Society Temitope Layode DeVry University PHIL 447 Spring 2016 How Changes to Marriage and Family will change American Society Over time, the American society has derailed from the traditional reason and forms of marriage and family set up. The American society acceptance of non-marital childbearing (single parenting), same- sex marriage has led to the trending poverty rate in average families. The main objective of the institution ofRead MorePoverty And The Changing Family Structure1713 Words   |  7 Pagesbefore. But the same cannot be said for African American families as a whole. The African American family and community is in trouble (Tilove, 2005). These families are facing many issues today that are contributing to their break down. These factors include poverty, diminishing health, welfare, incarceration, the struggle to find housing and the challenges involved with providing children with higher education. The disintegration of families have gone on for too long and it’s time we do something

Population Geography Overview

Population geography is a branch of human geography that is focused on the scientific study of people, their spatial distributions and density. To study these factors, population geographers examine the increase and decrease in population, peoples movements over time, general settlement patterns and other subjects such as occupation and how people form the geographic character of a place. Population geography is closely related to demography (the study of population statistics and trends). Topics in Population Geography Closely related to population distribution is population density — another topic in population geography. Population density studies the average number of people in an area by dividing the number of people present by total area. Usually these numbers are given as persons per square kilometer or mile. There are several factors which affect population density and these are often subjects of population geographers study as well. Such factors can relate to the physical environment like climate and topography or be related to the social, economic and political environments of an area. For example, areas with harsh climates like Californias Death Valley region are sparsely populated. By contrast, Tokyo and Singapore are densely populated because of their mild climates and their economic, social and political development. Overall population growth and change is another area of importance for population geographers. This is because the worlds population has grown dramatically over the last two centuries. To study this overall subject, population growth is looked at via natural increase. This studies an areas birth rates and death rates. The birth rate is the number of babies born per 1000 individuals in the population every year. The death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people every year. The historic natural increase rate of population used to be near zero, meaning that births roughly equaled deaths. Today, however, an increase in life expectancy due to better healthcare and standards of living has lowered the overall death rate. In developed nations, the birth rate has declined, but it is still high in developing nations. As a result, the worlds population has grown exponentially. In addition to natural increase, population change also considers net migration for an area. This is the difference between in-migration and out-migration. An areas overall growth rate or change in population is the sum of natural increase and net migration. An essential component to studying world growth rates and population change is the demographic transition model — a significant tool in population geography. This model looks at how population changes as a country develops in four stages. The first stage is when birth rates and death rates are high so there are little natural increase and a relatively small population. The second stage features high birth rates and low death rates so there is high growth in the population (this is normally where least developed countries fall). The third stage has a decreasing birth rate and a decreasing death rate, again resulting in slowed population growth. Finally, the fourth stage has low birth and death rates with low natural increase. Graphing Population Developed nations usually have an equal distribution of people throughout the different age groups, indicating slowed population growth. Some, however, show negative population growth when the number of children are equal or slightly lower than older adults. Japans population pyramid, for example, shows slowed population growth. Technologies and Data Sources In addition to census data, population data is also available through government documents like birth and death certificates. Governments, universities and private organizations also work to conduct different surveys and studies to gather data about population specifics and behavior that could be related to topics in population geography. To learn more about population geography and the specific topics within it, visit this sites collection of population geography articles.

Ehrm Free Essays

E-HRM (Electronic Human Resource Management) refers to conduct business transactions particularly Human Resource Management transactions, using the internet along with other technologies (Lengnick-Hall and Moritz, 2003). It was inspired by the popular term of e-commerce. As per the literature, it can also be called as online HRM, web-based HR, virtual HR (M), HR intranet, e –HR, HR portals and computer-based human resource management systems (CHRIS). We will write a custom essay sample on Ehrm or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1990, this term E-HRM was introduced, when electronic commerce (e-commerce) was speeding in the world of business.It is an advance business solution which provides a complete on-line support in the management of all processes, actions, data and information required to handle human resources in an advance company. It is an effective, consistent, easy-to-use system which can be used by groups of different users. It is a technology which allows the staff to have an access to HR and other departments of the organization. According to Ruel Huub Bondarouk Tanya, E-HRM helps to execute HR policies, strategies and practices in the company by using web technologies. The objectives of an organization to take E-HRM are: 1.Developing the strategic orientation of HRM 2. Reduction in cost and effective gains 3. Improvement in client servicing and helping management and employees. The choices of HRM strategies in an organization can be divided into three categories (Beer et al. ): the bureaucratic policy, the market policy, and the clan policy. Each category has its own specific characteristics about the HRM policy areas. TYPES OF E-HRM:- Based on the current literature, E-HRM can be distinguished into 3 categories in the companies as per their focus areas, which are: operational, relational, transformational E-HRM (Wright Dyer, 2000, Lepak Snell, 1998,). Operational E-HRM: – this area involves the basic HR activities. In some organizations, the HRM gives importance to administration and registration. Operational E-HRM gives the choice to the employees either to keep their own personal data up-to-date through a HR website or to have an administrative power in place to do this for them. †¢ Relational E-HRM: – this area, concerns on more advanced HRM activities. The helps the HR techniques that support basic business processes such as: recruiting and selecting of new personnel, training of new employees, performance appraisal, and rewards.It gives the option of selecting and recruiting the candidates either through a internet based application process or by using the process of manual application. †¢ Transformational E-HRM: – this area involves HRM activities with a planned character. Here the emphasis is about the activities regarding organizational change processes, strategic re-orientation, strategic competence management, and strategic knowledge management. It is a mixed internet technique which enables the personnel to develop in line with the company’s choices.HOW E-HRM HELPS THE HRM (HUMAN RESOUCE MANAGEMENT) OF THE ORGANISATION:- It covers all aspects of human resource management like personnel administration, training, career development, corporate organization, job descriptions, selection and hiring process, employee’s data base etc. Therefore E-HRM is a method of doing HRM. By following the path of E-HRM, an organization expects to achieve certain targets such as; a development in the HR’s strategic orientation, an improvement in client focusing, and a decrease in costs or increased efficiency. Improving HR services:Use of E-HRM, satisfied the HR to the maximum level. It raises flexibility in work, endorses modernism and allows the employees to increase development, and motivation. Furthermore, it reduces the repetitive questions of employees such as in regards to the training packages, and a policy guideline etc and also allows consultation at any time. It also helps in announcing job vacancies and important events within the organization. Cost reduction: E-HRM facilitates HR to provide efficient services to clients or customers, with fewer restrictions on time, place or availability (Alleyne, 2003). It decreases the HR operational costs by providing the information to a large number of people on online basis. It allows the employees or their managers to handle their operational activities such as salary, training, holidays or leave entitlements by themselves. Redefining employee responsibilities in HR: In recent years, it can be seen that there is a significant change in the role of managers in the organizations due to some changes in the market developments and new technologies used by the organizations.Due to this, the duties that were performed by HR Professionals earlier such as : performance appraisals, reviewing employee costs, producing HR reports on turnover, absenteeism, processing training requests and overlooking competence management are now presenting by managers and employees (Ruel 2004, Ruta 2005, Martin 2005). E-HRM turns it easier for managers to merge these roles with their other roles effectively. E-HRM enables employees to update their data and manage their p ersonal file by accessing it directly which refers to their training, performance appraisal and transfers. This is called employee self services. This increases their motivation and contribution towards employment; also improves their performance, talent management through self selection and assessment. (Roehling et al. 2005). Improving HR strategic orientation: Use of E-HRM can create more real customer relationships within the. Through social networking, it can improve employee voice (Martin et al 2009). It liberates the HRM managers ( Strohmeir, 2006) to connect HRM to business by becoming strategic members of the top management team. It gives HR increased credibility and power through allowing them to make more reliable data which improves decision making. Online recruitment:It is one of the most broadly functions of E-HRM. It refers to the vacancies posted on the company’s web site or on an online recruitment‘s website. It allows the candidates to send their resumes electronically via e-mail or in some electronic format (Galanaki, 2002). It can be benefited in terms of cost, time, candidate pool and quality of response. However, over loading of resumes is always a risk with the low reputation and effectiveness of various web sites and databases, not to mention its questionable effectiveness for senior executive positions (Ensher et al. , 2002). This can also help to sort and contact the candidates. The selection procedure becomes easy while using this technology especially where long distances are involved. The selection can be done through Video conferencing and online tests, and the candidates can be selected at the initial stages of the selection procedure which saves the cost and time of the organisation. E-HRM enables the performance appraisal (PA) to be conducted on-line on the corporate website. This means that the managers and the employees are able to submit performance data directly to the HR department in via company’s website. This function decrease time and cost for the HR department remarkably.It enables the managers and employees to enter the performance appraisal results with an immediate effect and plan their performance on their personal HR page. E-HRM helps the managers and employees to communicate in the organisation effectively via email. It is a useful approach to interact with the management. E-HRM RESULTS OR OUTCOMES:- Besides these objectives mentioned above, there are some outcomes of E-HRM that needs to be considered. According to Beer et al. (1984) there are four possibilities of outcomes which are: high dedication or commitment, high competition, cost effectiveness, and higher congruence. High commitment they means that the workforce is motivated and understanding, and that they are willing to interact with the management about changes in the organisational environment and the impact that this can have on the internal organisation. High commitment implies a high level of trust between management and employees. †¢ High competence indicates towards the capabilities of employees to learn new roles and tasks if the situation demands it. †¢ Cost effectiveness indicates to the competitiveness in levels of pay and employee revenue rate, and to the adequacy of costs resulting from employee conflicts such as strikes. Higher congruence refers to the internal organization, the reward system, and the ‘input, throughput, and output’ of personnel, which need to be structured in the interests of all stakeholders.Below is the E-HRM model that explains the effect of E-HRM in an organisation. [pic] (Journal article: – â€Å"E-HRM: INNOVATION OR IRRITATION† by Ruel, Huub ; Bondarouk, Tanya) BARRIERS IN ADOPTIING E-HRM: Although there are many benefits of using the E-HRM in the organisation, but there are some aspects where E-HRM has some barriers and disadvantages which needs to be considered. According to the findings of Ruel Huub ; Bondarouk Tanya, if an organisation wants to become a global, then globally their HR practises, policies should also be the same wherever the company is present. Diffe rences in the culture and languages, it is hard to adopt the newly introduced technology that is E-HRM. †¢ In order to introduce E-HRM in the organisation, it is very difficult for the HR department to change their HRM practises. Implementation of E-HRM can reduce the HR staff. It is hard to change the mindset and behaviour of HR personnel, employees and line management. E-HRM helps the employees to update their databases, performance charts, involve themselves in online discussions and opt their career paths. However many employees do not wish to accept this change. Some studies shows that the employees are rely on their managers to develop their carrier paths. †¢ It can produce loss of privacy and confidentiality. If these points can be considered, E-HRM would be very useful for the organisation to grow. How to cite Ehrm, Papers

Construction Management and Economics

Question: Discuss about theConstruction Management and Economics. Answer: Project Leadership in Becoming: A Process Study of an Organizational Change Project Synopsis In this article, the author here describes the concept of general leadership with different project leadership styles. In this article, the author clearly makes certain arguments regarding the ongoing production of social acts that involves continuous deconstruction and construction of present activities and rhythm (Packendorff, Crevani Lindgren, 2014). This article is based on ethnographic case study of an organizational management change. This entire article is based on project leadership and organizational change projects elements. As compared to any other article, the researcher has chosen the above article; because it is very relevant and totally concept based manipulated study on different types of leadership traits and attitudes with respect to organizational change management. According to the expert, in this relevant article the creditability of leadership is getting diminishing in many organizations due to its lacking behind certain assumptions and consequences (Burke, 201 3). The behaviors and attitudes of different managerial leaders are highlighted; according to their interchangeably. It also highlights that how leaders in an organizational management behave and develop their intermediate skills according to the prescribed situation (Packendorff, Crevani Lindgren, 2014). According to this article leadership may be clearly defined as:Leadership is the process of influencing the organized activities in its efforts to achieve its aim and objectives of an organizational management. Additionally, this article also reflects the concept strategy of ongoing construction directions with a space of actions (Marchewka, 2014). This article mainly focuses on the space action and the direction of change in an organizational management. Figure 1: Analytical Dimensions of study of Project Leadership (Source: Packendorff, Crevani Lindgren, 2014, pp-35) The above diagram is the analytical dimensions of study of project leadership in this relevant article. The researcher has explained and discussed the nature and the type of project exploration with its relative management skills resistance. The diagrammatic representation mainly circulates the core concept of project path, positions, issues and rhythm in project management. The below provided critique explains the overall segments of the article with different intellectual concept biased prior to the consent article. Critique In this relevant article of Project Leadership in Becoming: A Process Study of an Organizational Change Project, the type of project depicted includes: past project and its activities, areas and positions of its responsibility, space, rhythm and intensity and discarded future issues. The history of project management skills is based on the core strategy concept of various fields of an application which generally includes civil engineering, construction engineering and huge defense activities (Packendorff, Crevani Lindgren, 2014). It necessarily includes the diagrams of Gantt charts, PERT charts and calculations of different types of milestones. In this leadership article, the concept of construction engineering is reflected and highlighted. The project management skills comprises of leadership, communication, team management, risk management, personal organization and negotiation (Leach, 2014). There are various change models in project management leadership which generally includes creation of urgency, powerful coalition, change of vision, vision communication, removal of certain obstacles, and creation of short term within project management leadership (Packendorff, Crevani Lindgren, 2014). In the concept of project management leadership styles there are various source of conflict that can arise in workplace environment. The perfect instances of leadership traits and qualities are clearly highlighted and reflected. The overcoming management resistance of change in project management generally includes lack of knowledge in implementation and adoption of new system technology and fear of losing power intimacy (Gardiner, 2014). The organizational change management in project leadership implies the modification and reviewing of business structures and procedures. In this relevant article, the author has focused in the change management of an organizational strategic and operations process with respect to different business activities (Schwalbe, 2015). The behaviors and attitudes of different managerial leaders are highlighted; according to their interchangeably. This article mainly focuses on the space action and the direction of change in an organizational management. The critique explains the overall segments of the article. The project management skills comprises of leadership, communication, team management, risk management, personal organization and negotiation. In the concept of project management leadership styles there are various source of conflict that can arise in workplace environment. On the basis of the above article, different stakeholders interest, project manager management styles, scope change and scheduled changes are included (Packendorff, Crevani Lindgren, 2014). Several positions equivalent to the position portfolio management are clearly reflected and highlighted. The diagrammatic illustrations with respect to organization change in management have been depicted above. Reflection The article on Project Leadership in Becoming: A Process Study of an Organizational Change Project has manipulated me the fundamental concepts of leadership qualities and its attributes in an organizational management. With the constant change in an organizational managerial process it is very necessary to cope up with different segments of leadership qualities. This article teaches me to perform the presence qualities of a good leader in an organizational management. The article on Project Leadership in Becoming: A Process Study of an Organizational Change Project is chosen by me who helps me to get certain assistance about the knowledge management skills of leadership attributes relevant to construction industry. After reading various comments and arguments in these articles I have gain several knowledge about the concept of leadership and organizational change project. Lesson learned The above article on Project Leadership in Becoming: A Process Study of an Organizational Change Project is very helpful and useful for every individual and for every organizational management. The perfect instances of leadership traits and qualities are clearly highlighted and reflected. It has been drawn on current and latest research in the general field of leadership styles and traits with respect to project management and leadership. Varieties of leadership attitudes with integration have been clearly depicted here. The following comments and arguments are really appreciable. As compared to any other article, the researcher has chosen the above article; because it is very relevant and totally concept based manipulated study on different types of leadership traits and attitudes with respect to organizational change management. Conclusion This entire blog concludes with the broad concept of project management leadership. The researcher has taken the article of 2011; related with the core concept if project management leadership traits and skills. It depicts the core strategy concept of leadership traits and attitudes within an organizational management. The researcher has also illustrated with diagrammatic representation. The type of projects and model charge are clearly highlighted and reflected in the critique section. From the above scenario, it has been analyzed that the concept of leadership plays a very significant role in entire organizational management. It preferred some immense qualities with inbuilt role model. After reviewing with the above related article, the researcher has recommended certain things that need to be taken into consideration which commonly includes maintain ace of leadership traits and attitudes with the change in an organizational process, retrieving the qualities preferred with manageri al process and manipulating the segments prior to the need of the project management. References Ahern, T., Leavy, B., Byrne, P. J. (2014). Complex project management as complex problem solving: A distributed knowledge management perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 32(8), 1371-1381. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Gardiner, P. (2013). Moving from Project Management to Project Leadership: A Practical Guide to Leading Groups. Construction Management and Economics, 31(7), 792-793. Heagney, J. (2012). Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Leach, L. P. (2014). Critical chain project management. Artech House. Marchewka, J. T. (2014). Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Packendorff, J., Crevani, L., Lindgren, M. (2014). Project leadership in becoming: A process study of an organizational change project.Project Management Journal,45(3), 5-20. Redick, A., Reyna, I., Schaffer, C., Toomey, D. (2014). Four-factor model for effective project leadership competency. Journal of Information Technology and Economic Development, 5(1), 53. Schuhmann, R., Magarian, J., Hutner-Loan, E. (2014). A Method for Assessing Engineering Leadership Content in the Engineering Curriculum: A First Look at Civil Engineering Project Management Courses. In Proceedings of the 121st American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE)Annual Conference and Exposition, Indianapolis June. Schwalbe, K. (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.