The Seneca Oil Company - 2052 Words

In 1859 Edwin Drake and E. B. Bowditch of the Seneca Oil Company drilled the first commercial oil well in the United States in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The well produces about 500 gallons of oil a day and over time has increased. Soon, similar wells all over western Pennsylvania were providing crude oil for kerosene production that was needed to fuel the nation s streetlights and house lamps. â€Å"The lighter boiling component, gasoline, was discarded, since it had no market. There are historical reports that waste gasoline, which had been dumped into rivers, sometimes caught fire. In 1892 the first gasoline-powered engines, for both car and tractor, were developed: This soon provided a market for the once useless substance, gasoline†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦But the key fact that’s missing from all the ranting and raving is the rate of inflation. â€Å"The simple definition of inflation according to Dictionary.com is: â€Å"A rise in the general level of price s of goods and services in an economy over a period of time†. At the end of World War I, average annual income was only $1,500. Currently, annual income is around $50,000† (Samuel R. Avro 2015). Gas prices in 1917 were $0.17 and fell dramatically over the next few years due to the process of inflation and stock market crashes. In 1931 as nominal prices fell from 30 cents a gallon in 1920 to 17 cents in 1931. In 11 years prices fell 43%. But we have to remember that 1931 was the beginning of the â€Å"Great Depression† and overall prices fell 24% during the same period. More interesting than that, gas prices due to inflation were actually cheaper in January 2015 than they were in the Great Depression. Although the Great Depression left many in debt, foreclosure and struggling from day to day, gas was still one of the most prominent things purchased. Buses, fairies, and taxis gained more publicity but gas still took over. The demand for more vehicles caused the demand for more gasoline. There was a need for new and more unique fuels to go along with the new kinds of vehicles being made at the time. In the 20th century, vehicles that were being accessed by people required some but not many fuels that caused the need for petroleum to be used as a raw material.

Line by Line Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken

Line by Line Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, The key word here is two. Throughout our lives we constantly face decisions where we have two choices. Even when it seems there is only one choice, we can decide either to DO it, or NOT do it; so there are STILL two alternatives. And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood Then there are times we wish we could do BOTH; HAVE our cake and eat it too! We know we cant, so we must agonize over the choices; weigh the possibilities. And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim,†¦show more content†¦Or have we just leveled the playing field? And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Is it frightening to us that few people have taken EITHER path? What unknowns lurk beyond the next bend? Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. Well, if this one doesnt work out, Ill try the other one; or maybe Ill try it one day anyway, just to see if it is better. Or maybe not. Have you ever heard of a round tuit? Ill do it when I get around to it. Sometimes you KNOW, you just KNOW that you never will! Round tuits come in a roll, like a loaf of bread. You slice them off as you go, and eventually you come to the heel of the loaf. Yes, there is an end tuit! We DO run out of time. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood and I -- Sometime down the line we may look back and reflect upon this. We may never know if the other choice would have been better, or if it would even have been any different at all. Chances are, well discover that it really hasnt been so bad after all. (This is where I would sigh.). Id wonder, if I had it all to do over again, wouldnt I do it exactly the same way. Or if I had gone the other way, wouldnt I be sitting here asking myself how THIS path would have turned out, had I gone THIS way? Whatever the result, it was thatShow MoreRelatedRobert Frost s Writing Style1589 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Frost once said, â€Å"The figure a poem makes. It begins in delight and ends in wisdom... in a clarification of life - not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are founded on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (Robert Frost Quotes). This same kind of thinking opened the door for metaphorical poetry that helped to show the poets transparency. His love for the social outcast and the struggles of his life are exhibited greatly in his poems. Robert Frost helpedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has been up for debate since the poem release in 1916. It is known to be one of the most frequently misinterpreted poems of all time, and even Robert Frost himself has said the poem is â€Å"tricky† to comprehend (The). When analyzing this poem many readers tend to focus only on the last lines of the poem and get caught in a trap of selective-interpretation. Quite a few people after reading Robert Frost’s poem firmly conclude that this poem is aboutRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost912 Words   |  4 Pageswhat could have been? Profound poet Robert Frost depicts this dilemma in his poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken. The Road Not Taken is a narrative poem consisting of four stanzas of iambic tetrameter and was published in 1916 in the collection Mountain Interval. In this poem, Robert Frost uses title, imagery, and theme to complicate and lead the reader to unknowingly misunderstand the poem. Through careful explication of these elements of Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† one may discover the true meaning toRead MoreEssay about The Life of Robert Frost1404 Words   |  6 PagesROBERT FROST â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood and I- I took the road less traveled† How did Robert Frost take the road less traveled in his life? Frost was a poet who lived a hard life. With 6 kids and a wife, he had a lot of people to provide for. He was a man who wore many hats, being a dad, husband, poet, and farmer. Robert was an incredibly gifted man who wrote many famous poems. Robert Frost, a great American poet lived a humble life and changed the world with his profound writing abilityRead MoreEssay about Critical Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken1228 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken The speaker in Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken gives the reader insight into human nature with each line of poetry. While, Frost had not originally intended for this to be an inspirational poem, line by line, the speaker is encouraging each reader to seek out his or her own personal path in the journey of life. Romanticizing the rural woods of New England creates the perfect setting for the theme of self-discovery laid out and describedRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhile gazing at the farmland on the rural outskirts of Derry, NH, Robert Frost created an American masterpiece. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, is a dynamic and deep poem orchestrated to perfection. However, equal to its acclaim, is the misunderstanding of the poem. A piece of literature of this stature deserves to be under the microscope of our classes critical discussions. I believe that the time would be beneficial to everyone. Giving a breath of fresh air to a poem that has be en abused by Hallmark cardsRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost Essay1554 Words   |  7 PagesTwo Roads, Two Choices, One Decision â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† written by Robert Frost, discusses a traveler who has to make a choice between two roads. In the first stanza, the traveler remembers standing at an intersection of two roads. Indecisive about which road to take, he seems to believe that one of the roads would be more beneficial to him (Lee 5). In stanza two, the narrator refers to the traveler’s unexpected decision to take the other road by giving details of it. In addition, the narratorRead MoreModern F. Robert Frost1547 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Ahlman Charles Vogel English 2520-601 Due Date: November 9th, 2015 Robert Frost: Modern Multiplicity Robert Frost is a multiple poet. –Louis Untermeyer What is customary and, therefore, stereotypical of modern artistic thought is the belief that only one central meaning can be gathered from any one reading; that these singular interpretations support, give credence and justify hegemonic forces or grand narratives in society. Defining the term â€Å"modern† in his work The Postmodern Condition:Read MoreAnalysis of The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesThesis Robert Frosts â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is more symbolic of a choice one must make in their life in attempt to foresee the outcome before reaching the end, than it is about choosing the right path in the woods. Describe the literal scene and situation. The literal scene of Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken, is described as a â€Å"yellowed wood† (Arp Johnson, 2009). Use of this description could be that fall is upon the wood or the trees perhaps once white have yellowed with age. Before theRead More An Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken In The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost, many questions arose about the meaning of the poem. One common interpretation of the poem about assertion of individualism, where the speaker is taking the road not traveled so that he can assert his individualism, is a nice interpretation. However, I believe that the speaker is really having a hard time making up his mind, and the poem is a conversation with himself trying to rationalize his decision

Economic Cooperation and Development - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Economic Cooperation and Development. Answer: Introduction Subsidies are benefits offered by the government to sectors of the economy, individuals or groups. Notably, most governments have offered subsidies in a bid to revive or expand various industries in their economies. Predominantly, subsidies have impacted positively and negatively on the economy and its inhabitants. Similarly, subsidies in the Agricultural, automobile and solar and wind industry are no exception. However, the effectiveness of the subsidies is subjective to each industry. Further, reductions in subsidies have negatively affected the economy and inhabitants of individual countries. Positive Effects of subsidies in Australia Noteworthy, the Australian government has proposed availability of financial assistance to low-income farmers similar to start-up allowance to the unemployed through the Farm Household Allowance. Further, the condition for the allowance to encourage future preparedness and better farm management. This subsidy is aimed at bettering the economic livelihood of farmers and their families while securing future agricultural viability (Freebairn, 2014) Moreover, the subsidy during the drought season has created wealth redistribution among the Australian people. Consequently, farming policies have an effect on the overall population because government revenue collected through taxation is part of the subsidy expenditure. Mostly, large-scale farmers benefit more from subsidies as compared to small time farmers. Overall, the citizens of each country have to pay taxes to support government expenditure and programs (Reidl, 2007) Notably, most member countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and development have implemented car industry subsidies through subsidized credit facilities and bonuses for the purchase of new models of cars in a bid to replace the old automotive models. Further, this has encouraged the production of energy-efficient automobiles through the various subsidy packages. Notably, In Australia, the scrapping system involves tax deductions by 50% deduction for assets cost between December 2008 to 31 December 2009.Moreover,30% deduction cost on asset bought before June and July 2009. Noteworthy, the Australian Automotive industry has been boosted by the Implementation of the Automotive Transformation Scheme since the year 2008.The scheme has been incorporated to boost innovative initiates in the industry through offering financial support to research and development efforts.Further,$1.0b has been set aside to boost manufacturing and supply company operations .Also, the implementation of the growth fund by the government of Australia has helped maintain employment opportunities in Victoria. Moreover, Holden and Toyota firms have also contributed to the growth fund to stir investment and economic progress (Lee, n.d.) Also, employment subsidies, training, and equipment have been provided by the Australian government to boost worker skills and performance in the automobile industry through its employment Pathway fund thus maintaining job employment opportunities while promoting efficiency and productivity through training and better equipment in the automobile industry in Australia. Further, technological advancement has been propelled in the Australian automotive industry through the manufacturing transition program. Through government funding of $50 million. Significantly, competitiveness of Australian Automotive products has been boosted through this transition grants scheme. Also, more energy efficient automobiles were purchased during that time thereby promoting environmental sustainability and increasing government revenue at the time.Further,some OECD governments have availed loans and subsidies to car manufacturers firms directly to encourage more quality production and boost their individual revenues by reducing their production costs through loan accessibility. Noteworthy, General motors received loans and subsidies from the United States Government to reconstrure (OECD, n.d.) Moreover, the use of subsidies has encouraged research and development thus the technological advancements in the field of agriculture(Clay,2013)In addition, the availability of subsidies and grants in the automobile industry in Australia has promoted efficiency, productivity and high-quality production of automobiles hence promoting global competitiveness and promoting energy efficient automobiles thus sustainability and environmental conservation(Lee,n.d)Also, diversification has been a product of government subsidy funding through the Australian Diversification program which has equipped automobile suppliers with an easy product transition. Noteworthy, the implementation of subsidies has prevented the collapse of some industries and dislocation of economic prospects in some industries (Janda,2013) Subsidies have maintained employment opportunities in industries which without the injection of subsidies would have closed permanently. In Australia, the mining and automotive industry is struggling and due to government intervention through subsidy packages has kept them afloat. Notably, the Australian government invested $5.4 b in sustaining the automobile industry since 2008. Effects of Solar and Wind Energy Subsidies. Globally, wind and solar energy methods are being adopted due to their environmental friendliness. Notably, in Australia, 42% of the total energy is through solar and wind energy.Predominantly,wind and solar subsidies have created employment opportunities for the unemployed in Australia. Further, government subsidies on solar and wind has encouraged private investors into the wind and solar energy industry(Loomborg,2015).Negatively, expansion of wind and solar facilities through easy availability of subsidies has made prices for power to be threefold expensive. The population ends up paying for power, subsidies for inefficient renewables and fossils fuels that are inefficient. Sustainability is one of the benefits of involving subsidies into the wind and solar energy because here investments is self-sustaining due to the present and future availability of solar and wind.Inevitably, wind and solar are current and future conditions that once s established will go away to conserve the environment and provide friendly energy supply. (Maehlum, 2014)Further, environment friendliness of solar and wind power energy has been expanded by government subsidies to providers of solar and wind power energy. Implementation of subsidies has enabled easy and affordable access to electricity by both rich and poor thereby promoting equity and redistribution of income through electricity charges. Standard electricity charges powered by solar and wind energy has proven the equality of charges despite the income disparities among Australian electricity consumers. However, transparency and accountability of subsidies allocation, distribution and are hardly attainable in most industries globally and Australia is no exception (Mineral Council of Australia, 2015)Also, the cost of subsidies in the electricity sector in Australia is borne by electricity users which is a burden to some electricity consumers due to income disparities. Notably, electrical surcharges are a cost transference from the government to consumers through electricity use. The government seeks to recover subsidy costs from electricity users in Australia. Significantly, most agricultural based subsidies in Australia are drought based. The seasonality of the subsidies has hampered agricultural quality and produce during most cycles of the year due to its centrality on drought times. Further, these seasonal subsidies are viewed as solely benefiting private individuals and spreading the losses socially.Also, reduced return variations are inevitable over a period of time. Notably, redistribution of national resources which are scarce is reduced to lower value use. Also, these seasonal subsidies have discouraged active future planning of the adverse conditions of nature thereby slowing agricultural adaptability. Arguably, agricultural subsidies are credited for reducing global prices for agricultural produce (Clay, 2013) Further, poverty and unfair profits between large and small scale farmers has been attributed to the high cost of subsidies in the United States of America. Moreover, subsidies are a disincentive for efficiency. Also, agricultural subsidies are overused through excessive use of fertilizers and chemicals thereby distorting the environment, food and national security (Clay, 2013)Inappropriate subsidy use results into inefficiency and unsustainability of the agricultural sector. Also, low economic growth can be affected by continued use of subsidies in agriculture. Sometimes, the abrupt unavailability of subsidies can hamper industry operations and individual firms in that industry (Valenzuela,2014)Notably, the Ford group in Australia is winding up its operations by 2017 thus translating to a loss of employment opportunities and revenue loss for the Australian government. Inevitably, subsidies contribute to market inefficiency and reduced welfare socially.Similarly, Toyota and Holden companies in Australia are contemplating closure in the eventuality that subsidies are not availed to then thus the assertion that lack of subsidies could prompt closure of some firms. Consequently, with the closure of automobile firms like Holden and Toyota then a substantial population of Australia are likely to lose their jobs(Kohler,2013)Subsequently, global automobile production is likely to reduce following the closure of global major car manufacturers. Despite the influx of subsidies, the automobile industry in Australia s future doesnt seem bright thus the assertion that subsidies are not always effective in boosting a collapsing industry (Kafla and Gollan,2012)Further, job opportunities in the manufacturing industry are decreasing as opposed to growing. Evidently, the automobile manufacturing industry in Australia is unlikely to sustain its operations without the subsidies thereby questioning the effectiveness of subsidies being injected into this sector(Kafla and Gallen,2012)Further ,some economists argue that the automotive sector in Australia shouldn't receive subsidies because it is considered expensive for tax payers and unlikely to revive the declining manufacturing sector(Australian Associated Press,2014)Subsidies ought to be replaced by economic and regulatory measures and policies. Subsidies are not always effective in solving industry problems. Positive effects of Subsidies Noteworthy, the European Union Agricultural policy boosted the farmers income. Notably, Common Agricultural Policy contributed 3b to the United Kingdom totaling to about 55% of its farmer's income. Thus the income rise of farmers due to subsidies being available under the European Union(Bloomberg,2016)Environmentally, most agricultural subsidies have made positive impacts(Cropsite,2015)Noteworthy, organic agriculture incentives have preserves soil fertility and promoted healthy produce, helped maintain fresh air quality and reduction in the volume of greenhouse gases thus promoting biodiversity. Significantly, financial incentives to farmers have promoted environmental conservation. Noteworthy, environment based incentives have caused an increase in bird population and low greenhouses gas emissions from the agriculture industry. Further, innovative incentives have progressed the research and development activities in agriculture. Also, income increase for farmers in most European countries has increased revenue for both government and farmer households(Godsen,2016)Notably, the Common Agricultural Policy offers financial aid to 12million farmers in the European territory. Significantly, the agricultural policy has increased global market prices for agricultural produce which translates into income revenue increase for farmers thus improving the economic living standards of farmers. Further, through the policy,There's been increase in production of agricultural produce thus meaning food security for most countries in the world, through import and exports(Godsen,2015)Also, the exit of Britain from the European Union has made subsidies injection to significantly drop hence some agri-based ventures have closed and unemployment opportunities reduced. In addition, a research and development capacity in the United Kingdom has greatly decreased due to the funding shortage from the common agricultural policy. Due to the impact of the common agricultural policy benefits the United kingdoms productivity and agricultural competitiveness will reduce due to the lack of substantial subsidies and incentives from the European Union membership regime(Krasniqi,2016)Further, high subsidies has distorted the global market thus causing hiked prices for agricultural produce. For instance, a Switzerland high subsidy by its government has made productivity levels to decrease and meat price hikes. However, Australia has low subsidies thus it has a sustainable agricultural industry. Following the exit of Britain from the European Union, farmers are likely to face tough times due to the possible discontinuance of the common Agricultural Policy(Bloomberg,2016)However, the United Kingdom government has committed to mitigating financial challenges of farmers following its falling out with the European Union. Availability of subsidies has been blamed for hampering agricultural production due to the fact that in the United kingdom subsidies and funds are allocated to each farmer according to what they produce which some view as a disincentive for encouraging further production but stagnating it. In addition, subsidies may not go along the way to boost the agricultural production in the case of unfavorable and unsustainable agricultural climates and land. Subsidies are likely to have a major impact in the case where agriculture has been adequately invested in terms of land, infrastructure, climate,storage facilities and available market. Further, subsidies offered due to membership such as Commonwealth or the European Union is likely to distort the stability of farmers dependent on those membership grants. For instance, farmers in Britain following the Brexit. Further, subsidies are considered a short-term solution to farming problems. Arguably, subsidies ought to boost agriculture where a farmer is adequately trained and skilled in agriculture, has the ability to handle environmental challenges and has the ability to adapt innovative and creative ways to deal with farming-related problems. However, most farmers are inadequately prepared to handle environmental and workplace challenges hence resulting into poor agricultural performance despite the subsidies availed to him or her. Eventually, agricultural productivity and mass and quality production requires farmers to have a certain skillset despite subsidies. Also, availability of subsidies has created overdependence by most farmers thus the challenge when economic terms are hard. Naturally, subsidies should be view as an aid to agriculture and not a dependent factor by farmers worldwide. Overdependence on subsidies has encouraged laziness, poor economic decisions by farmers thereby translating to low quality, low produce levels thereby discouraging growth and innovation of agriculture. Also, reduced income may result in cases where subsidies are withdrawn. For instance, Brexit exist may affect the Common Agricultural policy contribution to the United Kingdom farmers (Godsen, 2015) Subsequently, the unavailability of subsidies can lead to unemployment opportunities due to the closure of major automobile manufacturers dependent on subsidies. Notably, Ford Australia has laid off 44O workers following its winding up operations(Bolsworth,2012).Also, accessibility of subsidies to automobile firms has encouraged competitiveness due to research and development activities by individual firms in the industry. Usually, large-scale companies are likely to engage in research and development initiatives due to their large economies of scale and other merits. Similarly, through subsidies, smaller automobile firms have been able to engage in research and development activities thereby boosting efficiency and productivity. According to most economists, automobile subsidies does have many positive impacts instead it increases taxation burden for the citizens whereas its positive impacts are short lived. Further, some economists argue that subsidies in various industries are for political reasons and favorability thus uplifting certain industries at the expense of other industries (Kohler, 2012) Compensation for the automotive industry in the United Kingdom is an example of how costly compensation for subsidies can be. Following the Exit of Britain from the European Union, the government of the United Kingdom has to pay automobile industry due to the Brexit exportation tariffs. Noteworthy, the Nissan Motor automaker claims compensation before making any commitments to further investing in the United Kingdom through a compensation guarantee(Bergin,2016)According to Kevin Farnsworth an author on government subsidies, government subsidies to the automotive industry following the Brexit would be the most expensive in the history of the United Kingdom thereby increasing tax burden on citizens. Notably, the quantity of subsidy affects the pricing of commodities invested in thereby directly affecting consumers. According to the Guardian, the solar power capacity fell following the 65% budget cut(Vaughan,2016)Predominantly, the subsidy cut was motivated by the need to lessen cost burden on electricity consumers. The subsidy cut has discouraged further investment into the solar and wind market in the United Kingdom due to the less financial incentives available to new entrants into the industry. However, energy prices are consumer friendly. Positively, subsidy cuts have been able to reduce cost burdens on consumers of electricity(Mathiesen,2016)However, on and industry development point of view, subsidy cuts will slow down the growth of solar and wind energy in the United Kingdom. Further, unemployment opportunities have increased due to subsidy cuts which have limited the operation capacities for most solar and wind energy plants in Australia. Inevitably, the confidence of investors to venture into the solar and wind power energy industry is shaken by government subsidy cuts and deductions whereas the reverse is true. Remarkedly, solar and wind power subsidies have boosted the electricity supply thereby causing a drop in the energy prices.Undoubtedly,low energy prices are consumer pocket-friendly.Notably, power stations in the United Kingdom are offering their power for sale. Friendly energy prices are attributed to renewable sources of energy. However, less energy prices could in turn translate to low government revenue but on the bright side most of the United Kingdom population will have affordable access to basic power. Notably, the United Kingdom has 22 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity (Mathieson, 2016).Further, the expansion of the wind and a solar energy firm through subsidies has afforded job opportunities to a portion of United Kingdoms population. Subsequently, employment opportunities have been lost through the subsidy cuts and lost of investment capital and infrastructure belonging to investors rendered obsolete with the winding up of solar and wind energy firms in the United Kingdom (Kemp, 2015).Predominantly, this has been attributed to government percentage withdrawal of incentives. However, the United Kingdom intends to make its industry subsidy free by the year 2020.Also, green energy pricing levels have gone down since the year 2008.Positively, the windfarm construction in Cornwall has created job opportunities in Cornwall without any government subsidy. Further, the withdrawal of government subsidies has discouraged future prospects of investors into the United Kingdom economy with the mothballing of projects and company closures. Conclusion Undeniably, the implementation of subsidies in various sectors of the economy of Australia and the United Kingdom has had both negative and positive effects. Some of the impacts of subsidies are temporary or permanent. In some cases, the subsidies havent been able to revive the industry, especially the automotive sectors in both Australia and the United Kingdom. However, the financial assistance by the government to the solar and wind energy sectors has decreased thereby causing investment anxiety among new and existing investors. Further, the reduction of subsidies has led to the closure of some companies and abandoned underway infrastructure which isnt good for economic growth. Arguably, subsidies are beneficial and distortive to economic growth. Overdependence on subsidies has led to collapse and decline in some key industries in most economies. References Australian Associated Press.(2014)Car Industry subsidies should end, says productivity commission.The Guardian.[Online]Available at https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/31/car-industry-subsidies-end-productivity-commission[Accessed 8 May 2017] Bergin, T.(2016)Brexit Subsidies for Automakers could top $1.24 Billion. Auto news .[Online[Available at Http://europe.autonews.com/article/20161103/ANE/161109948/brexit-subsidies-for-automakers-could-top-$1.24-billion[Accessed 8 May 2017] Bloomberg (2016) UK Agriculture: Britains Farmers will need help after Brexit .Financial Times.[Online]Available at https://www.ft.com/content/df151906-6616-11e6-a08a-c7ac04ef00aa[Accessed 8 May 2017] Bosworth, M.(2012) Car subsidies: Throwing Good Money after Bad .ABC News.[Online]Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-07-19/bosworth-car-subsidies/4141710[Accessed 8 May 2017] Clark, P.(2016)UK Power prices go negative as Renewables Boom Distorts market .Financial Times.[Online]Available at https://www.ft.com/content/5164675e-1e7e-11e6-b286-cddde55ca122[Accessed 8 May 2017] Clay, J.(2013)Are Agricultural subsidies causing more harm than good? The Guardian.[Online]Available at https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/agricultural-subsidies-reform-government-support[Accessed 8 May 2017] Cropsite. (2015) Farm Environment subsidies have a positive effect. Crop site. [Online]Available at https://www.thecropsite.com/news/17684/farm-environment-subsidies-have-positive effect [Accessed 8 May 2017] Freebairn, J.(2014)Help Farmers with direct assistance rather than Subsidies .The Conversation.[Online]Available at https://theconversation.com/help-farmers-with-direct-assistance-rather-than-subsidies-23021[Accessed 8 May 2017] Godsen, E.(2016)What would Brexit mean for farmers and the Common Agricultural Policy?. The Telegraph.[Online]Available at https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/13/what-would-brexit-mean-for-farmers-and-the-common-agricultural-p/[Accessed 8 May 2017] Harvey, F.(2016)Good energy promises UKs First Subsidy-free Wind farm. The Guardian.[Online ]Available at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/mar/02/good-energy-promises-uks-first-subsidy-free-windfarm[Accessed 8 may 2017] Kalfa, S and Gollan, P.(2012)Concentrating on the costs of the car industry means we are failing to see the Benefits. The Conversation.[Online]Available at https://theconversation.com/concentrating-on-the-costs-of-the-car-industry-means-we-are-failing-to-see-the-benefits-10503[Accessed 8 May 2017] Janda, M .(2013)Good Economics or not, auto subsidies should stay. ABC News. [Online]Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-22/janda-auto-subsidies-should-stay-for-now/4640226[Accessed 8 May 2017] Kemp, M.G.(2015)UK Governments energy policy is self-destructive and bad for Scotland .BusinessforScotland. [Online]Available at https://www.businessforscotland.com/uk-governments-energy-policy-is-self-destructive-and-bad-for-scotland/[Accessed 8 May 2017] Krasnqi, F.(2016)Can removing subsidies in Farming be Positive after Brexit?. The Huffington Post.[Online]Available at https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/fjona-krasniqi/can-removing-subsidies-in_b_12512046.html[Accessed 8 May 2017] Kohler, A.(2013) Subsidising the car industry to death. ABC News. [Online]Available at https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-10-16/kohler-car-industry/5025360[Accessed 8 May 2017] Lee, M.(n.d.)Automotive Industry Package: Budger Review 2014-15 Index. Parliament of Australia.[Online]Available at https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview201415/Automotive[Accessed 8 May 2017] Lomborg, B.(2015)Counting the cost of Wind and Solar .The Australian.[Online]Available at https://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/bjorn-lomborg/counting-the-cost-of-wind-and-solar/news-story/318ba96f7765c25792f1ff184051e8c6[Accessed 8 May 2017] Maehlum, A-M.(2014)Solar Energy Pros and Cons .Energy Informative.[Online]Available at https://energyinformative.org/solar-energy-pros-and-cons/[Accessed 8 May 2017] Mathiesen, K.(2015)How will government Subsidy Cut Impact the UK s Solar Industry. The Guardian.[Online]Available at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jul/22/how-will-government-subsidy-cuts-impact-the-uks-solar-industry[Accessed 8 May 2017] Minerals Council of Australia.(2015)Electricity Production subsidies in Australia. Mineral Council Of Australia.[Online]Available at https://www.minerals.org.au/file_upload/files/media_releases/Electricity_production_subsidies_in_Australia_FINAL.pdf[Accessed 8 May 2017] Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.(n.d)The Automobile industry in and Beyond the crisis .Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.[Online]Available at https://www.oecd.org/eco/outlook/44089863.pdf[Accessed 8 May 2017] Reidl, B.(2007)How farm subsidies Harm taxpayers,consumers, and farmers, Too.The Heritage Foundation.[Online]Available at https://www.heritage.org/agriculture/report/how-farm-subsidies-harm-taxpayers-consumers-and-farmers-too[Accessed 8 May 2017] Valenzuela, R.(2014)How Industry Subsidies Work .The Sydney Morning Herald.[Online]Available at https://www.smh.com.au/national/education/how-industry-subsidies-work-20140206-325l7.html[Accessed 8 May 2017] Vaughan, A.(2016)UK Solar Power installations plummet after government cuts .The Guardian.[Online]Available at https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/08/solar-installation-in-british-homes-falls-by-three-quarters-after-subsidy-cuts[Accessed 8 May 2017]

Psychological Impact Stereotyping, Prejudice and Racism

Introduction People live in constant interaction with each other, they belong to the world society, therefore, all the processes which happen in the world impact people. It should be mentioned that the role of stereotyping, prejudice, and racism in the psychological development, distress, and behavior on a culturally diverse individual is great.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychological Impact: Stereotyping, Prejudice and Racism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of then main reasons why stereotyping, prejudice, and racism influence human behavior is the fact that they are the social processes which are inevitable while the formation of human beings. Even though it has been proven that all these processes may be controlled, they still influence human behavior and psychological development (Fiske, 1998). Considering stereotyping, prejudice, and racism as the part of a psychological development, dist ress, and behavior on a culturally diverse individual, the changes in human being are going to be discussed under the influence of these social issues. Stereotypes Stereotypes are formed the basis of the already existing model of behavior, therefore, the social relations is the main reason for stereotypes creation. Depending on the society people live at, their stereotyped behavior maybe either more or less developed. However, these stereotypes influence the behavior of people and their mode of thinking. Being influenced by one of the stereotypes, people grow up under the impact of that stereotype, therefore, they cannot think in another way. Imagining the situation when the society is free from any prejudices, the role of stereotyping would not be even discussed. Stereotype is the way people think, but the very ideas are given by the society. Even a person with culturally diverse vision of the life is subjected to stereotypes (Sherman, 1996). Considering the problem of stereotyping in detail, it should be mentioned that stereotypes influence human behavior through the way of their thinking, through the level of priorities and other attitudes. Human psychology is not studies up to the end, however, it is obvious that living in the society with the stereotype vision of the East as the country where women are oppressed, it is difficult to change this opinion even when a person goes to that country, the role of stereotype is too high. Western people do not know Eastern culture, however, they try to judge it on the basis of the world experience.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prejudice Stereotypes may be confused with prejudice, however, this is incorrect. The difference between stereotypes and prejudices is slight, however, it exist. Stereotype is the vision of a society of various issues, both positive and negative, while prejudice in the society reflec ts negative vision of some issues. Even though the problem of prejudiced attitude to some particular problems in the society has not been studies up to the end, it is obvious that all of the prejudices in the society were created as the reaction to or reflection on the specific circumstances which existed in the society. Projection, frustration, scapegoating, and displacement of hostility are the psychodynamic processes which take part in prejudiced attitude formation and therefore, influence human behavior (Duckitt, 1992). Of course, human behavior and the way of thinking changes under the influence of prejudiced opinion of the whole society. Having become a strong prejudice, some issues have become stereotypes. The events and circumstances have changed dramatically since the time of the prejudice appearance, however, people still continue to think in a prejudiced way. Racial discrimination is one of such examples. Racism Racial discrimination is both a prejudice and a stereotype o f a modern American society. The problem of racism should have already been eliminated, however, due to the stereotypes and prejudice, the problem of racial discrimination still exists. Racism as a problem appeared as the result of the social, cultural, psychological issues existed in the society. Under some specific circumstances many years ago race was an important identifier of a human position in the society. The situation has changed, people have become equal, however, we still speak about racism as a negative issue. This is the point for stereotyping. Of course, living in the modern world, we are unable to avoid the problem of race absolutely, nevertheless, the problem deserves attention due to its wry vision. Racism in its initial nature should mean the diversity of raced which exist in this world, but when we speak about racism in the USA we usually refer to Black people and their limited opportunities in relation to their White peers. African American ethnicity still remain s another one even though racial discrimination has officially been restricted (Bridges, 2010). African American students want to be like the white students that make those lower. It is the problem of the whole mankind, as prejudice and stereotypes leave racism a real problem. Human behavior cannot change in the relation to racism and discrimination until stereotypes of the past and prejudice exist in this world. Conclusion Therefore, it should be concluded that human behavior changes with the change of priorities. However, living in the world with the same stereotypes and prejudices, human behavior is not going to change. People are dependant on the society, all the processes which occur in the society influence their behavior.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychological Impact: Stereotyping, Prejudice and Racism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Fiske, S. (1998). Stereotyping, prejudic e and discrimination. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, G. Lindzey (eds.), The Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 357-445).Oxford: Oxford University Press. Duckitt, J. H. (1992). Psychology and prejudice: A historical analysis and integrative framework. American Psychologist, 47(10), 1182-1193. Bridges, E. (2010). Racial identity development and psychological coping strategies of African American males at a predominantly white university. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 13(1), 14-26. Sherman, J. W. (1996). Development and mental representation of stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 1126-1141. This research paper on Psychological Impact: Stereotyping, Prejudice and Racism was written and submitted by user Charleigh Guthrie to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.